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Chapter 2: How a Key Opens a Lock
This chapter presents the basic workings of pin tumbler locks, and the vocabulary used in the
rest of this booklet. The terms used to describe locks and lock parts vary from manufacture
to manufacture and from city to city, so even if you already understand the basic workings
of locks, you should look at gure 2.1 for the vocabulary.
Knowing how a lock works when it is opened by a key is only part of what you need to
know. You also need to know how a lock responds to picking. Chapters 3 and 5 present
models which will help you understand a lock's response to picking.
Figure 2.1 introduces the vocabulary of real locks. The key is inserted into the keyway
of the plug. The protrusions on the side of the keyway are called wards. Wards restrict the
set of keys that can be inserted into the plug. The plug is a cylinder which can rotate when
the proper key is fully inserted. The non-rotating part of the lock is called the hull. The
rst pin touched by the key is called pin one. The remaining pins are numbered increasingly
toward the rear of the lock.
The proper key lifts each pin pair until the gap between the
key pin and the driver pin reaches the sheer line. When all
the pins are in this position, the plug can rotate and the lock
can be opened. An incorrect key will leave some of the pins
protruding between the hull and the plug, and these pins will
prevent the plug from rotating.
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